François Villon / Marcel Arnac 9 Boards Of 32 Original Drawings (1928)

  

Marcel arnac - 32 original drawings, distributed on 9 plates, to illustrate françois villon (1928). Illustrations made for the edition of the works of françois villon by javal and boudeaux (1928).

Drawings made on balloon paper and annonay. Size of each board: 18x23,5. Note: some of his drawings have been used for the volume of the pleonade devoted to villon, released in 2014. More info on marcel arnac. Marcel arnac, of his real name marcel fernand louis bodereau, born on. Is a writer, illustrator and humorist, one of the forerunners of comics.

In the form of graphic novel. He collaborated with many newspapers like the national illustrated.

(1913), the country of France. (1920), book of the week. There are translations in German and English of marcel arnac, as private memoirs of a profit ed. Walden, New York, 1939, or ein herz und zwei strohmattent, adapted to cinema in germany in 1934, or thirty-six inches of adventure planet, new york, 1930, trad.

He also leads a career as an advertising designer and is the screenwriter of three short films of the series realized by georges monca. Who has as hero the comic character of rigadin incarnated on the screen by charles prince.

He is then invited to the United States. For a university lecture tour on humor, but his brutal death prevents this project from coming true.

His first wife died in an automobile accident. He remarried with white gallaud, daughter of zo d'axa.

He has a daughter, the actress and singer Beatrice Arnac. Killed by a burst of cast iron that falls on his house as a result of the explosion of the plant of raising waters of suresnes. Her daughter was 4 months old. Linnarrable trip of the family lempaillé (1913).

The sporting and twisting exploits disidore flapi (1917). Life and adventures of rag, biffin and pattefolle. The disgusting adventures of trouille detective (1918). The Sire of Robidaine (1920). Sylvain, the naked woman and the puppets (1923). The triumph of joy, grasset paris (1924). What you should know not to pass for an antler. Encyclopedia for the use of large children - paris, javal and bourdeaux, editors, 1927. Far from the mufles, flammarion (1927). The farce of the deserted island, the new society of dedition, Paris. Inheritance, or singular holidays (1929). The romanticized life of mr. Madame diogène the masters of the novel, 1930. One cur and two doormats (1930).

Montaigne (1931), his last book. Reissue of varley editions in 2012: preface by beatrice arnac, postface by yves frémion. Javal & Bourdeaux, Paris (1928). The gallant ladies of brantome. Thermidor de aucouri predefined by guy de maupassant.

Rigadin does not like cinema, French short film directed by georges monca. The rigidin fluid, French short film directed by georges monca, with charles prince in the title role.

Rigadin loved by his typist, French short film directed by georges monca. With charles prince in the title role. Heinz im mond, German film. According to the novel a cur and two doormats, with heinz rühmann. From the novel to the inheritance, or the singular holidays, with Michel Simon.

Music by georges van parys. Steppin'in society, American film. French film directed by rené delacroix. According to the novel a cur and two mats, with jacques jouanneau. More info on françois fillon.

Of Montcorbier dit villon /. From the end of the Middle Ages. Master of the Faculty of Arts. From the age of 21, he led the joyful life of an undisciplined student from the Latin Quarter.

At 24, he kills a priest in a brawl and flees bets. Amnesty, he sexy again, a year later, after the burglary of the college of Navarre. At the court of the prince-poet charles dorleans. He fails to make a career there. He then leads a wandering and miserable life. Released to Louis Xi's advent. He returned to Paris after some six years of absence. Once again arrested in a fight, he is condemned to hang. Break judgment but banish it for ten years; He is 31 years old.

Then we lose all trace. Villon knows an immediate celebrity.

Long poem, and the will. His masterpiece, are published as early as 1489 he would have been 59 years old. Very early on, a "villon legend" took shape in different faces, ranging, from time to time, from the joker to the cursed poet. His work is not easily accessible: it requires notes and explanations. His language (some terms have disappeared or changed meaning) is unfamiliar to us as his pronunciation is different from the current rendering certain curious rhymes in translation into actual language.

From his time, largely disappeared and archeological, his art of the double sense. It often makes it difficult to understand, even though contemporary research has cleared up many of its obscurities. His surname, year and place of birth remain subject to controversy. The following particulars come from the researches made in various archives, by august longnon.

And published in his biographical study on françois villon: according to the unpublished documents preserved in the national archives. The name of moncorbier, now accepted, is revealed by two letters of remission. Letter of remission (issued from Saint-Pourçain en Bourbonnais) granted to "maistre françois des lodges, dit de villon" in January 1456 (new style, 1455 old style) for a murder committed on the day of the feast-god, in the cloister of saint benedict-the-Bétourné. In Paris, on the person of philippe chermoye, priest.

Letter of remission (issued from Paris) granted to "françois de monterbier, maistre es arts" for the same crime with the only modification on the name of the victim "philippe sermoise" instead of "chermoye". Logically deduces from this that the French are the same person as the French of Monterbier and the French of the lodges, says de Villon.

In addition, from the archives of the university of paris, where francois villon studied, a name emerges: that of franciscus de moult-corbier, parisiensis, which also appears in the form "franciscus de moncorbier". The graph of the time, making it possible to read a "t" in "c" and an "e" in "o\This hypothesis is now accepted. One can also refer to the "simple conjecture on the paternal origins of françois villon" of the abbot reure.

According to the first letter of remission, dated January 1456, the age of villon is "26 years and about\common. Indicates that it is not excluded, given the imprecision, that villon may have been 25 years old. But the analysis of similar act by henri lot. Show that precision was probably in use. It is therefore possible that Francois Villon was born in 1429 or 1430, and not in 1431. The beginning of the great testament. Which everyone agrees that it was written in 1461, states "in the year of my thirtieth age\But the meter prevents "the thirty-first year" or even "twenty-ninth" and the indication remains unreliable. As for the supposed place of birth, it is not proven. Indicates the stanza of the will. Referring to paris, is doubtful in many respects (pages 6 to 9 of the book cited in reference). There is no other reference to this hypothesis of a birth in Paris, which is therefore subject to caution. I am françois, of which he poise me born of Paris pontoise and the rope of a toise will know my collar my ass poise. This stanza may come from the error of a copyist, from the work of a forger, and so on. Since there are many variants of this half-eighth, this single reference to place of birth must be viewed with skepticism. In modern French, villon is pronounced. In the final ballad of the great testament, the poet rhymes his name with words such as "carillon" and "vermillon".

"And we would say villain like everybody else, if Francois Villon did not protect himself against our ignorance by rhyming his name with a chisel." Under the English occupation, orphaned by his father, he was entrusted by his mother, poor illiterate and pious woman. Woman I am povrette and old, who do not scay; Oncques letter ne leus. To master guillaume de villon.

(Whose name he took at the latest in 1456), chaplain. This church is located on the edge of the populous rue saint-jacques. Near the college of Sorbonne.

In the heart of the university district. It was so named because its chur, oriented not to the east but to the west, was "badly turned". Who has been more gentle to me than a mother raised with a child.

Is an important character of the community of saint-benoît. Master of arts, bachelor in decree, holder of one of the chapels and enjoying income attached to this benefit (he owns several houses that he rents), he is also professor of law and represents the community as attorney.

His relations and his credit will help villon to get out of "many broths. So that it gains the privileged status of cleric. There are then four faculties in Paris: theology, decree canon law. , Medicine and arts, the last serving of introduction to the first three called "superior".

Villon obtains the first degree of the faculty of arts (the baccalauréat). At the age of 21, he obtained the second degree, mastery of the arts. Who makes him a cleric dominus franciscus de montcorbier - is the title inscribed on the register of the university.

Bonnet and long robe, able to enjoy an ecclesiastical benefit. And access to other faculties.

It is then a real state endowed with numerous privileges. Its members can only be tried by an ecclesiastical tribunal. But if clerics understand almost the whole intellectual nation, graduates who do not receive a profit. And do not exercise any function, are on the margins of society. They constitute a class of misguided, even vagabonds.

The epoch when studying villon is a period of academic unrest, against a background of quarrel between the university (which supported the Burgundians and then the English) and the king charles vii. Student disruptions and clashes with the police multiply. The courts are even abolished because of a long strike by the professors. Villon then neglected his studies (no doubt in theology, to claim a title higher than that of master of arts) and runs the adventure. In his will, he evokes this time with regret.

Of course, I would have studied or time of my youth mad and had good dedied me, I would have house and soft bed. I fled the school, as the wretch does by writing down this speech, if my heart does not.

In the neighborhood of Saint-Benoit, he frequented families of canons related to bourgeois who held offices in the administration of finances, in the parliament. Thus he became acquainted with the provost of paris robert destouteville. He also binds himself to clerics, certainly of good family, more fortunate than himself but devious, whom he will call "gracieus galans.

" So well sung, so well spoken, so pleasant in faiz and say. (Relative of two canons of saint-benoît) and colin de cayeux. Who will be hung, or guy tabarie, who will later denounce the theft of the college of navarre.

June 5, 1455, the evening of the feast-god. The event is known by the relation that letters of remission make. That the poet obtains in January 1456 (these take again the terms of his petitions, therefore his own version of the facts). Sitting with a priest and a woman on a stone bench of St. Benedict, in the Rue Saint-Jacques, he was taken to task, under a pretext which was ignored by another priest, Phileppe Sermoise.

The latter draws a dagger from his dress, strikes him in the face, splits his lip and pursues him. To defend himself, villon plants his dagger in the wool of his aggressor.

Sermoise rolls on the ground. Villon throws a stone in his face. Under a false name, he goes to a barber's. Sermoise died the next day, after forgiving her. For fear of justice, Villon left Paris and hid himself for seven months. Thanks to Guillaume de Villon's relations, he obtained, in January 1456, letters of remission from the royal chancellery. They state that he has hitherto been "well and honorably governed as a man of good life." This is the first time he has dealt with justice.

Villon spent the year 1456 in paris. Towards Christmas, he wins angers. To escape a mistress "who is my felon," says he in the lais.

In this mischievous poem of 320 verses, he says farewell to those he knows, friends and enemies, by giving each of them an imaginary legacy, full of ironic undertones. If these gifts had to amuse his Parisian friends, today their sense resists the efforts of deciphering. In the year four hundred and fifty and six I, francois villon, a schoolboy at this time, whom I have said before, on Christmas, a dead season, that the wolves live in wind, and that one stands in his house for the frost, Near the tyson. Thanks to the discovery of the file relating to the flight of the college of navarre. And in the interrogation of guy tabarie, it is known that a few days before his departure, villon and several other criminals, including colin de cayeux, entered the college of navarre at night, climbing its walls, to steal 500 golden crowns preserved in the Chests of the sacristy.

The flight is only discovered in March. An investigation is opened without identifying the perpetrators. But in June, an accomplice too talkative, guy tabarie, is arrested on denunciation. The real reasons for leaving Villon would have been to flee justice and prepare for a new burglary. Another hypothesis is emitted by andré burger.

Impossible to verify, it nevertheless gives a good example of the conjectures aroused by the numerous domains surrounding the life of the poet. She leaned on a detail given by tabby in her interrogation: "lung deulx (he would think of a villon according to a burger) had turned them aside and prevented them from picking up a few spears near the chest (containing the 500 ECUs), which had much greater grace , As iiii or mccus (4 or 5,000), and said the said master, that the other companions cursed their companion, who had forbidden them to croak the accusations.

The poet would not be a professional thief: he would have only wanted to obtain a sum of money to join the court of the reigned king at Angers. And become a poet attached to the patron. In order to compensate his accomplices for their imperfect Paris plunder, he would have given them a promising burglary in Angers. After the arrest of tabarie, villon can no longer return to Paris. He is condemned to lead a wandering and miserable life. This exile will last nearly six years, during which one loses its trace. Too vague, the places mentioned in the will can not be identified. In December 1457-January 1458, his peregrinations led him to blois. At the court of the Duke of Orleans.

The Prince is then 63 years old and is not yet father of the future louis xii. Prisoner of the English for twenty-five years, he wrote to be distracted and became the first poet of his time. Returning to France, he made his court the rendezvous of the finest rhymers. We come from a distance, sure to be welcomed. There are albums of the Duke, his courtiers, and his guests.

In one of these manuscripts. There are three village ballads, probably autographs: the Epistle to Mary of Orleans. (Preceded in the manuscript of the name, partly trimmed, of the author) and the Franco-Latin ballad. The Letter to Mary of Orleans includes two poems dedicated to the daughter of the duke, marie. One to celebrate his birth, December 19, 1457; The other to thank her for having taken a bad step he would have been released from prison, in 1460, when entering marriage orleans. Also known as the blois contest, is the third in a series of ten ballads composed by various authors on the theme, imposed by charles d'orleans, of the play of contradictions: "I die of thirst in a stitch (next to) Fountain ". The ballad of villon would translate his discomfort to be in a very different environment from those that he knew until then. In my country I am in loft land I rice in tears and hopeless expectations well recueully, standing each one.

The last contribution of villon is the Franco-Latin ballad, which echoes two bilingual poems of the manuscript, in the form of dialogue between charles and one of his favorites, fredet. As gert pinkernell has shown. This is a good attack against fredet.

In two ballads, Villon is reprimanded by charles, and one of his pages, which, without naming him, accuses him of lying and of arrivism. After this episode, Villon presumably leaves the courtyard of blois. He tries in vain to reconnect with his old and ephemeral patron who came to attend, to Vendome. At the trial for treason of his son-in-law Jean d'Alençon.

He sent charles the ballad of proverbs. And the ballad of the menus. But the latter no longer receives him at his court. During the summer of 1461 Villon was imprisoned in Meung-sur-Loire.

In the lower pit of the prison of the bishop of Orleans. Thibault daussigny, "the hard prison of mehun\Dune small loaf and cold water all ung esté. But he would have been deprived of his status as a clerk. By the bishop (who had no right to do so, villon was the bishop of Paris). In the Epistle to his friends. Have pictied, have pictied me at least, if you please, my friends! In pit giz (not soubz houz ne may) (not under the holly of the feasts of May) low in earth - table has no trestals. Will he be there, the povre villon? Villon felt the penalty inflicted by thibault daussigny as unjust and excessively severe. It is from the prison of meung that he dated all his misfortunes. In the will he makes the bishop responsible for his physical and moral degradation and pursues his hatred. Synon to the treats mastins dogs that make gnawing hard hoppers, (crusts) I feiss for eulx pez and roques con crumple the fifteen costes of groz mallez, fors and massiz. On 2 October 1461, the new king louis xi.

Makes its solemn entry to meung-sur-loire. As is customary, a few prisoners are released, as a token of joyful adventures, who have not committed too serious a crime. In the request to the prince, he asks for financial aid from a prince of blood who could be charles dorleans. Considering that his exile has lasted enough, he joined Paris.

But it must hide because the case of the robbery of navarre college is not forgotten. Perhaps then he writes the ballad of good advice. Where he stands as an amended delinquent, then the ballad of fortune.

Expressing his growing disappointment with the well-thinking people who hesitate to welcome him. He begins his master work, the will. In the year of my thirtieth birthday, let all my shame be had, not at all mad, not at all saige.

It is a much more varied work than the lais. It consists of 186 stanzas of 8 verses (1488 verses), which constitute the narrative part of it, to which are added 16 ballades and 3 rondeaux (535 verses) either previous or written for the occasion.

The will does not begin until about 793. Factitious and satirical, villon who has nothing expresses himself as a very rich man and makes legacies as comical as imaginary to people whom he hates. The first part, often called regrets, expresses a judgment about himself (he is alone, poor, prematurely aged) and on his past poignant meditation on life and death. Villon is again arrested for a larceny.

But the affair of the college of Navarre caught up with him. The Faculty of Theology opposes his release. She delegates one of her masters, laurens poutrel, chaplain of saint-benoît (knowing well guillaume de villon), to negotiate with the prisoner. The latter must promise to repay his share of booty ie 120 pounds within three years documents found by marcel schwob.

This period of freedom is of short duration. At the end of the same month, Villon was again involved in a brawl. Maître ferrebouc, a pontifical notary who participated in the interrogation of guy tabarie documents found by auguste longnon. , Was slightly wounded by a dagger. Villon and four of his companions went up the Rue Saint-Jacques, one evening after supper.

One of his companions, seeing light in the writing-room of the ferrebouc (notaries are allowed to work after the curfew), stops at the window, scoffs at the scribes and spits into the room. The clerks go out with the notary. Although he seems to be kept out of the way, Villon is arrested the next day and incarcerated at the grand chatelet.

With the new king, the staff changed: his former protector, robert destouteville, is no longer in office. Given his background and the quality of the ferrous, the case looks very serious.

Degraded from his clerical status, put to the question of water, villon is condemned to be "strangled and hanged on the gibbet of bets". Hears well to get rid of this recidivist. Villon appealed to the paris parliament. From a sentence he considers an injustice, a "cheating. Anxiously awaiting the decision of the court, it is doubtless in his jail that he composed the quatrain.

(See below quatrain study) and the famous ballade of the hanged. Indeed, the parliament generally confirmed the sentences of the provost. On January 5, 1463, the parliament breaks the judgment rendered in first instance stone champion.

Note that among the three persons who could at that time preside over the criminal assizes, there was henri thiboust, canon of saint-benoît. But "having regard to the bad life of the said villon," he banishes it for ten years. Villon then addressed to the clerk of the chatelet ward (responsible for keeping the register) the joyful ballad of the appeal and to the parliament a grandiloquent louenge and requete to the court, where he thanked the magistrates and asked for a three-day reprieve To provide and mine to tell god. This is his last known text.

Villon left Paris, probably on the 8th of January, 1463. Then he lost all trace of him.

"Does the unfortunate man, who on several occasions claim to be undermined by illness, aged before aging by suffering, really reaches his end? It is quite possible, writes the august longnon. For one would not understand that a poet of this talent would have lived long without producing verses. At the moment of leaving this world, writes villon at the end of the will. Ung traict purpose of morillon wine.

As for this world wanted to leave. In their book sermon joyous and truanderie, jelle koopmans. Have studied the textual links between the ballad of the call (5 January 1463) and the joyful sermon of saint belin (unknown until then).

This joyful sermon, in the unique copy of the bn, is followed by the ballad of the call. The two texts correspond perfectly, so much so that the joyful sermon could be of villon. In any case, it is with this joyful sermon that begins the legend of villon. Villon like other medieval characters. Goes very quickly in the legend.

Where it is presented as a gay luron and a picnic, see opposite. Some of his ballads are famous as of late. But we know only from him what can be learned in his work, which we must not read as a simple and sincere confidence, the poet himself having elaborated his myth or rather his myths.

It is necessary to wait until the end of the. To be better informed about the life of the poet, thanks to some valuable documents found in the archives. Nevertheless, there are still important zones of domination which give free rein to the imaginations. Where, according to the epoch, the different constitutive images of the "villon legend". Villon disappears mysteriously after his departure from Paris in 1463, but he knows an immediate celebrity.

As early as 1489 it would have been 59 years his works are published at stone levet and twenty disappears reproduce the text of down until 1533. At the request of françois. Give then of the "best Parisian poet who is". A new edition where he strives to correct the errors of previous editions.

The satirical allusions of legacies have already become unintelligible. "One must have been in his time in Paris, and have known the places, the things and the men he speaks of," says marot.

But already popular imagery has transformed villon. It has made the poet the type of the crocodile par excellence, a great joker and a great drinker, always skilled in deceiving the bourgeois in order to live on expeditions. He is the hero of the frankison villon's frank reputation, a small book on the art of living at the expense of others, whose success is considerable around the 1500s. The poet appears as a buffoon, living daily scraps with his companions. Image that villon had appeared to be resigned to leave of him in the testament. At least it will be from memory as it is of a good follastre. His sight is heard, beyond perhaps his hopes.

His name becomes so popular that he enters the language: he is said to be a villain to deceive, to deceive, to pay in counterfeit money. Villon, villonner, villonnerie with the meaning of fripon, friponner, friponnerie are still in the dictionary.

(1702) and in the etymological dictionary. (1694), this latter work even specifying that "the poet villon was called villon on account of his knavishness: for his name was a French corbeuil." Who knows well the work of villon he mentions several times in his books, quotes from memory the quatrain in pantagruel. As well as the chorus "but where are the snows dantan?

, Considers him, with his time, like a madman who says good words and plays good jokes. He teaches us, always in pantagruel.

That villon, "on his old days\And tells a sinister turn played by the incorrigible bad subject to brother tappecoue, sacristan of the Cordeliers. Other images will be superimposed. Villon acquires his status as the first "cursed poet," but is still a "fleshless figure.

" It is from 1873, thanks to the research initiated by auguste longnon. What are found the documents relating to the murder of philippe sermoise (letters of remission of 1455), the flight of the college of navarre. Laccent is put on and then today (see the 2009 TV movie I, Francois villon, thief, assassin, poet) on the social declassé, the thief, the murderer condemned to be hanged, the coquillard. Was Villon a notorious criminal, or was he murderer only by accident by killing Philip Sermoise? He was one of the shellfish or companions of the shell, a band of malefactors who predominated in burgundy. There is no evidence of his membership in this criminal association. Did he frequent them by wandering on the roads? He knew at least one of them, regnier de montigny.

In 1455 as one of the shellfish and who was perhaps a childhood friend of Saint Benedict. The accomplice of the burglary of the college of Navarre that villon calls by pun punishment "the chip.

"Was he part of the shell? They both ended up on the gibbet, doubtless the gallows of montfaucon. Lun in 1457, the other in 1460. The shells used between them a jargon revealed by their trial in dijon in 1455. Villon uses the verb jargonner in a verse of one of the various ballads of which one of the variants (1489) alludes To pipeurs (word recorded in the shells and referring to cheaters, notably the game of dice).

I know when pipeur jargons. Certain terms in the jargon of shells are used in six ballads whose interest is more linguistic than literary and which are attributed to villon in the edition of levet (1489) under the title jargon and jobellin of the villon. Five other jargonque ballads were found at the. In a late - manuscript.

But their attribution to villon was disputed. "This slang ran the roads like the bandits who foamed them, and the wanderers, living more or less honest expeditions, rubbed shoulders with the hardened criminals in taverns.

" It is also reserved: "language is not an argument sufficient to connect the poet with the organized underworld. "He puts the emphasis on verbal adventure:" rich of two experiences, that of lartien and that of the thug, villon samuses words as reasonings.

The text and meaning of these ballads have been the subject of many conjectures. For those of the levet edition, he found three senses and three superimposed audiences: according to him, they would concern both deceits and aggressions 1 / of shells, 2 / of cheaters with cards, 3 / of homosexuals, but It has not really convinced the villon specialists and slang, since all the editors-translators have jargon ballads since 1968 except one. In addition, concerning the band of shellfish. From Dijon it must not be forgotten that a party was arrested in 1455 at the brothel of the city in which they met and had their habits and their mistresses.

Was Villon a real villain, or was he only a marginal incapable by the weakness of his will to tear himself from the midst which condemned him perpetually? Did he not wish to touch the greater part of the treasury of the college of Navarre (examination of Master Guy Tabarie, July 22, 1458)? Was he only looking for funds to have the means to make a career as a court poet? All questions to which today we have nothing to answer. They continue to feed the legend of Francois Villon.

Villon has not so much renewed the form of poetry. From its era as how to deal with the poetic themes inherited from medieval culture.

That he knows perfectly, and that he animates of his own personality. Thus, it takes on the foot of the courtly ideal. Reverses the accepted values ​​by celebrating the beggars promised to the gallows. Frequently yields to the burlesque description or the bawdy, and multiplies the innovations of language.

But the close relationship that Villon establishes between the events of his life and his poetry also leads him to let sadness and regret dominate his verses. Also sometimes called the small testament, written in 1456. This long poem of 2023 verses. Is marked by the anguish of death and, with a singular ambiguity, resorts to a mixture of reflections on time, bitter derision, invective and religious fervor. This mixture of tones helps to make the work of villon a pathetic sincerity that singles it in relation to that of its predecessors.

The historical library of the city of Paris. Has a collection of about 400 works and works of the poet, collected by Rudolf Sturm, author of an important bibliography of the author. Notwithstanding the universality of villon's concerns, it must be admitted that he first wrote for his time. His poems are addressed sometimes to the merry drills of the Latin Quarter.

Sometimes to the princes likely to take him under their protection. From a formal point of view, it does not seem to innovate and takes over, and adapts, many old literary genres.

This remark must, however, be placed in the historical context. The Middle Ages is, from an intellectual point of view, a period in which codes and symbols. Sometimes more important than the substance of the matter.

In literature, as in other arts, works must follow these stereotypes which belong to the common culture and allow the reader to apply a fairly agreed reading grid. As for the subjects he addresses, again, villon does not show a great originality, far from it. Death, old age, injustice, impossible or disappointed love and even the throes of imprisonment are among the classic subjects of medieval literature. From then on, what differentiates Villon from his contemporaries? In the first place, if the subjects tackled are classical, few authors have experienced them so closely and, without always having easy paths, most were soon integrated into courses of lords unless they were them Like the charles of Orleans (who, as a hostage, was known for a long exile, but a "gilded" exile). Villon, meanwhile, burned his life in the depths of the taverns among the beggars, bandits and prostitutes. He was imprisoned on several occasions and was really close to death. "In the year of his thirtieth birthday." As if exhausted by this life of adventure, by imprisonment, by torture and decay, he composes his will. This dissolute life is revealed giving a deep and touching sincerity to his texts, all the more so as consciously or not, we read villon in the light of his personal history.

(Although, as we have seen, the veracity of the facts is open to doubt). Undoubtedly the first person is commonly used by his contemporaries and predecessors; But it is an "I" always attenuated, veiled, the narrator eclipsing the author. It is very common at the time that the narrator relates a dream during which the action takes place. This is the case, for example, in the novel of the rose.

This process dilutes the author's action and true personality in sleep mists and dreamlike delirium, creating a "fantastic" situation that keeps the reader at bay. On the other hand, when villon uses the theme of the dream at the end of the lais, he turns it away from its classical use to better laugh at the reader.

Indeed, the supposedly dreamed action is here the very writing of the text, although it is concrete, which we have just read, thus provoking a mise en abyme. And a paradox which, far from relativizing the "I\Similarly, the "I" of villon is powerful and very concrete. Where others admit lip service: "I have heard say that" or "I dreamed that\In sum, without being revolutionary, Villon took up the literary tradition on its own account, appropriated and perverted it in order to make it a mouthpiece of its own personality and states of mind. In his anthology of French poetry (hachette, paris, 1961), georges pompidou. Written: "(villon) has little written, and there are still many unnecessary verses in his work.

But the few hundred verses that count (and which I have tried to quote in full) are enough to make him one of the great among the great, before and with baudelaire, the one who knew the best talk about death. The lais is a work of youth 1457.

Formed of forty eight octosyllabes, where one sees a villon, joyful and sometimes potache, to err a series of "gifts" or "legs" more or less crazy but always cruel And often funny, to his enemies. Its favorite targets are the authorities, the police, the well-nourished clergy, the bourgeois, the usurers, the eternal targets of student and proletarian protest. In this text he takes up several known literary genres: in view of the circumstances (the departure for Angers) and the use of motifs of courtly love. It could be a holiday. In line with the tradition arrageoise.

Where the gallant poet leaves his lady who has made her suffer too much. However, here we are talking about lais (to "leave"), gifts that remind one of literary wills, such as the eustache deschamps. Who parodied at the end of the. All kinds of legal documents.

Finally, in the last stanzas, Villon takes up again the very usual theme of the dream in which the author tells of an adventure which happened to him in a dream. Parody of leave, satirical testament and ironic dream: the lays are all this successively. Lais is above all intended for his friends and companions of debauchery and swarms of allusions and hints that today are indecipherable but which certainly made his companions laugh. It seems, however, to have had a small success, for Villon repeatedly referred to it in the will, complaining pleasantly that the work circulated under the erroneous title of "testament." I recollect, in my opinion, that I was at my party some laiz, in the year fifty-six, whom none, without my consent, wished to name "testament"; Their pleasure was, not the myen. It is commonly said: "Every one is a master of the scien. The will is a much less homogeneous work than the lais.

If he takes up the idea of ​​parody of a juridical act, it is in fact only a vertebral column on which all sorts of digressions on the injustice, the flight of time, death, wisdom As well as autonomous poems often presented as legacies. We find, however, the lively and acerbic pen and the humor sometimes black and subtle, sometimes frankly funny and paillard that characterizes villon.

Perhaps the author wishes to present here a broad spectrum of his talents in order to attract the attention of a possible patron, the testamen / t becoming a sort of business card. The text is also addressed to its former companions, the crowd of miserable cultivated that produced at that time the Sorbonne. Villon inserted several ballads in his will, some of which were probably composed earlier. The most famous is the ballad of ladies of the time of old testament, vv.

329-356; The title is clement marot. With the famous verse refrain but where are the snow dantan? Villon enumerates several ladies, historical, mythological or contemporary, and wonders where these dead people are. Already exploited in the previous eight wills, vv. But the poetic key is in the plural, the snows; Because villon was the first to use the word in the plural in the context of a complaint about the passing time. In 1989, paul verhuyck showed, historical arguments in support, that villon described statues of snow, ice sculptures.

The medieval tradition of snow festivals is amply attested, before and after villon, with p. A macabre dance, bow jeanne. Mythological figures, a siren, roland. Thus the poetic mystery of the motive of ubi sunt resides in a double death: villon wonders not only where are the dead ladies, but also where are their snow figures, snow dantan.

The word dantan had at. Again its etymological meaning: ante annum = the past year.

Like the ballad of the ladies of the old days. Form a triptych with the ballad of the lords of old time. And the ballad in old French language.

357-412, one can even wonder if the snow festival does not extend into these last two ballads. If Villon described snow sculptures, he must have been inspired by a particularly cold winter.

, So at a time when he was absent from Paris. It was probably written in several stages, its definitive form seems to date from 1461.

After its liberation from the prison of meung-on-loire. The will passes for being the masterpiece of villon and one of the most beautiful literary texts of the late Middle Ages. The so-called ballade of the hanged, sometimes improperly called epitaph villon, is the best known poem of Francois Villon, and one of the most famous poems of the French language. It is generally agreed that this ballad. Was made up by villon while imprisoned as a result of the ferrebouc affair, but the fact is not absolutely established.

The poem presents a profound originality in its enunciation. It is the dead who address themselves to the living, in an appeal to compassion and Christian charity, enhanced by the macabre of the description. This effect of surprise is however defused by the modern title.

The first verse "human brothers, who after us live\In this poem, françois villon, laughing at being condemned to hanging, addresses posterity to solicit pity from passers-by and make wishes - solicit our indulgence and forgiveness - describe their living conditions - address a prayer To Jesus. In the second degree, we may perceive in this ballad a call from the author to the pity of the king, if it has been properly written in prison. The different types of characters. "God" (verses 4, 10, 20, 30, 35): to implore pity. "Prince jesus" (verse 31) and "son of the virgin mary" (verse 16): he has the power to control men. Men: "human brothers" (verse 1), "brothers" (verse 11) and "men" (verse 34): they have defects and villon wants them to pray for the pardon of the hanged, They themselves are not exempt from defects, and that if they pray for them, "God will have more thanks to you," so they will be forgiven for their own sins. The condemned villon wants to show the men that the condemned to death suffer (towards 5 to 9 and 21 to 29). The lexical field of carnal death: "trapped, devoured and rotten" (verse 7), "debug and washed" (verse 21), "dried up and blackened" (verse 22) (Vers 24), "carrie" (about 27). It shows that the condemned suffer. The lexical field of the body: "flesh" (verse 6), "bone" (verse 8), "eyes" (verse 23), "beard" (verse 24).

It provokes, in association with the description of the punishments of the hanged ones, a reaction of disgust capable of arousing pity. The lexical field of things that make their misfortune: "infernal lightning" (verse 18), "rain" (verse 21), "sun" (verse 22), "pies, ravens" 26). The structure of the work follows the rules of the classical ballad, so the stanzas have as many verses as these have of syllables (that is, stanzas of ten verses in decasyllabic).

The rhymes are crossed, but it is not part of the rules of the ballad. Each stanza ends with a refrain "but pray god that all of us will see absolution! The last stanza is a sending.

Of only five lines, normally addressed to a high dignitary (organizer of the competition, patron of the artist) it is addressed directly to "prince jhesus" (towards 31). This little poem, no doubt written when, tired of living and fatalistic, villon has not yet appealed and is awaiting its execution by hanging. First of all, here is the quatrain.

It is a question, as well as its transcription in modern French. "I am French, it weighed me in Paris near pontoise and the rope of a toise my neck will know what my ass weighs. The quatrain begins with a play on words. On his first name, "françois\In one case, what weighs on him and overwhelms him ("poise"), is simply to be himself, to have known this life of wandering and misery. He lived as a miserable, he is preparing to die as such.

The other burden is his nationality. And for good reason, robin daugis, though much more involved than he in the ferrebouc case, benefited as a Savoyard. He waited in vain for his trial, until November when he was pardoned on the occasion of the coming to Paris of the duke of Savoy. Inversion of the hierarchical order between the cities: pontoise.

That seems to take precedence over Paris. Is not chosen at random or for rhyme. The provost of betting which condemns villon is jacques de villiers, lord of isle-adam, near pontoise this city is also renowned for its chastised language; The contrast with the last verse is all the more pleasant jean dufournet also notes that it depends on the justice affairs of the provost of betting. Bitter conclusion: whatever the order of importance of the cities, villon is caught in the trap and can not escape the provost. If they are explicit and apparently contain no hidden meanings, they are from the point of view of versification.

First of all there is alliteration. Of "my collar" and "my ass" symmetrical with respect to "that". Then there is an assonance. All this causes an acceleration of the rhythm. Who draws us from the first two verses to the language level.

Chastity and almost administrative content (villon declining its identity) to the following two who reveal the joke and use a popular or even slang language "the rope of a toise" corresponding to the gallows. To arrive in apotheosis to the vulgarity of the word "ass" pushed back to the extreme limit of the quatrain. Villon is printed for the first time in 1489. This edition is followed by several others. The last quasi contemporary edition is the one that clement marot. At that time the Villonian legend is already well established.

It fades towards the end of the rebirth. Who mentions villon in his poetic art, seems to know it only by hearsay. Century only that one begins to be interested again to the poet.

It is rediscovered in the romantic era. Where he acquires his status as the first "cursed poet". From then on, his notoriety no longer weakens.

He inspired the poets of Expressionism. German and was translated into many German languages. , Which gave it a worldwide reputation, as its concerns are universal and transcend the barriers of time and cultures. François villon becomes the hero of the collection of frank republics. Text that tells of tricks, often obscene, played to notables by villon and his companions, and which contributed to enrich the "legend villon".

Fact of villon a full-fledged character of his pantagruel novels. Where he depicts him as an actor and imagines his life after 1462. If he is not or hardly known to the early romantics, such as chateaubriand or nodier, he inspired, from about 1830, all the authors of This current. However, some claimed its influence.

This is particularly the case of victor hugo. (Who pasticha villon paying homage to him in the ballad of banville, to his master), and to his suite arthur rimbaud. Of course gerard de nerval. And his song of the beggars, marcel schwob. Made Francois Villon the hero of one of his short stories (a lodging for the night).

He wrote a fictional biography of villon: the novel by françois villon, in 1926, and his friend pierre mac orlan. The scenario of a film by André Zwoboda entitled Francois Villon (1945), in which the last days of the life of the poet, as imagined mac orlan, are told. Wanted to see in the will a coded work based entirely on anagrams. In the judon of Leononard, inspired by Francois villon for one of his characters, mancino: this one is not dead, but, amnesic, lives in milan.

At the time of Leonardo da Vinci. Written a new one titled the last testament in aztechs. The main character is struck by the villain's curse. Puts himself in the skin of villon in his novel I, françois villon. He wrote a trilogy of novel entitled jeanne de l'estoille (the rose and the lily, the judgment of the wolves, the flower of america).

This relationship will begin with the rape of jeanne, followed by the birth of a child (French) and then encounters, throughout the three volumes, mingled with contradictory feelings for jeanne. The novel traces the whole life (romanticized of course) of françois villon, and the climate of the time (coquillard, war, epidemic). Writes a novel entitled Villon's wife. Great reader of villon, has meditated much on the work of the poet.

His books reveal many poems and traces. (Nicknamed the "Soviet Brassens"), a Russian author and composer, dedicated a song to him (the prayer of françois villon), where the poet asks god to help others the wicked, the poor, etc. And not to forget it. The night in the town of the cherries or in the meantime Francois of the life of Francois Villon in the form of memories of a person who knows the poet and whose name can be found in the lines of the great testament in Russian, 112 p. He is a secondary but important character (aged about 400 years) of the fantastic novel the weight of his gaze. The latter generally naming it "lodges" in the novel. Raphael jerusalmy makes an important character of his novel the brotherhood of the book hunters (acts 2013). Villon is entrusted with a mission by louis xi: to bring back from palestine ancient manuscripts.

Theodore de banville is inspired by his play gringoire. Inspired for his opera of four. His life inspired the play in four acts if i were king. And the author himself draws a novel if i were king in 1902. The vagabond king, musical comedy created in 1925.

By rudolf friml, inspired by the play of justin huntly mccarthy. , Inspired by the life of villon.

De charles giblyn (1914), continuation of the preceding one. , Inspired by the eponymous play. (The king of vagabonds), of ludwig shepherd. With dennis king (villon) and jeanette macdonald (katherine); Operetta based on the play of justin huntly mccarthy. The king of the beggars.

(If i were king), from frank lloyd. Scenario of stone mac orlan. In the role of villon.

Musical film by michael curtiz. 1956, with oreste kirkop (villon), katryn grayson (catherine de vaucelles) and rita moreno.

, In which françois villon is interpreted by pierre vaneck. François villon, of sergiu nicolaescu. , In which françois villon is interpreted by florent pagny.

The main character cites his poem ballad of the menus. As soon as he finds himself in miserable situations. I, françois villon, thief, assassin, poet ..

, Scenario and realization of serge meynard. Interpreter Francois villon and philippe nahon.

Guillaume de Villon, from the novel of jeant teulé. Composed three ballads of françois villon. In 1951, the leo ferré. Puts in music the first quatrain of the ballade of the hanged.

In his "lyrical narrative" of bag and ropes. The text is sung by chur raymond saint-paul. Set to music the ballad of the ladies of the old days.

He was the first to put the entire ballad of the hanged into music. In 1959, the leo ferré. Writes the song poetry fout the camp, villon! Where he speaks fraternally to the poet to deplore the stupidity of his own time.

Engraved a version in 1961 and jean vasca. The same year, felix leclerc. Has put music extracts from the small testament of françois villon album félix leclerc and his guitar flight.

Said the ballad of the ladies of the old days, the ballad of the women of Paris. The song to the return of hard prison ... The ballad of the hanged ones and extracts of the will. In 1968, he sings the ballad of the hanged on a music of jean-jacques robert. The same year, Monique Morelli. Sings the ballad of the hanged on a music of Leonardo lino. Admitted in several interviews the influence of françois villon, and in particular publishes the album the times they are a-changin. Where one discovers on the back of the cover of the album a poem 11 outlined epitaphs, considered as the.

The album's work (which contains only ten songs), where one finds a paraphrase "ah where are the forces of yesteryear? "Of the English translation commonly admitted of the snows of yesteryear of the ballad of the ladies of the time formerly. Publishes an entire album devoted to the poems of françois villon.

Cite villon in his song French is a language that resonates ("I who believe good French I feel that I disconnect, / of my censored words that villon forgives me"). In 1980, the leo ferré. Puts the music of the hanged people back into music. This time integrally, under the title human brothers, love has no age.

He intertwines one of his poems with the poem of villon. This song is used by jean-luc godard. Quote the ballad of the hanged ("then that, then there, as the wind varies") in his first single solo the blue song. Met in song ballade of the hanged. Inspired by the good doctrine ballad to those of bad life.

In his song the big arms by taking again the refrain "everything to the taverns and the girls" album the things of nothing. In 1997, the composer arthur oldham. Writes the will of villon for soloists, chorus and orchestra. Inspired by the work of villon and more particularly the ballade of the hanged.

For his song lomer (to the frenchie villon) (album boom boom). In 1999, the weepers circus. Inspired by the ballad of the menus. For the song ô prince (scarecrow album). He pays tribute in his song my favorite bistrot.

The same year, corvus corax. German group of medieval music, set to music his ballad of mercy (album seikilos).

In 2009, the black plague group. Lets sing the ballade against the enemies of France under the name of ballade cuntre the anemis of france (album ballade cuntre lo anemi francor).

The same year, the eiffel group. Resumes the text of villon appeared in the collection the testament in his dead song I call album at any time.

In the chorus of metropolitan psalms, one of Villon's most famous verses quotes: "I die of thirst near the fountain." In 2014, the group the de-slaughtered mouse. Sing a song called françois villon.

In 2016, dreams on stage produced in Corsican jean-bruno chantraine for a "villon, guilty of ideal" with many poems set to music. The paris of villon enclosed within walls delimiting a space that corresponds to the first six current districts, paris is then populated by more than 100 000 inhabitants.

Cité universitaire par excellence, with the Sorbonne. It shelters on its left bank nearly one hundred colleges and accomodates some five thousand students. Sung by villon, in his will, this fountain still exists, at 129 rue saint-martin. At the corner of the street of Venice. Right in front of the georges-pompidou center.

One can observe there its lead pipe and its stone decorated plays and horns of abundance. Sculpts the beautiful heaulmière inspired by the character created by villon. "It is of humaine beaulted the yssue!" The arms run and the hands contracted, the espaulles all hunchbacked; Breasts, what! All retreats; Such as the hips as the heads. As for the thighs, thighs are no longer, but cuissetes, scalloped like saulcisses. Thus the good time regrets us, our old sots, low seats, with crouppetons, all in one heap like balls, a small fire of chenevotes to lit, tost estaintes; And formerly so sweet! Thus borrowing hands and hands. "Extract from the" regrets of the beautiful heaulmiere, "the will. In 1946, a French stamp representing Francois Villon was published, which indicated 1489 as the date of death. The prince (leader of the vampires) of paris is françois villon.

None of these sources contain the integral of the poems now attributed to villon. Moreover, the documents differ slightly on some verses, which compelled the publishers since the first critical edition of Clement marot. A long work of compilation, comparison and attribution of poems still in use today. Clement Marot wrote already in the prologue of his edition of 1533.

"Among all the good printed books of the French language, there is not one so incorrect or so heavily corrupted as that of Villon. And amazed, since it is the best Parisian poet that is found, how the printers of Paris and the children of the city did not take care of them. 25458, manuscript of charles d'orleans, autograph (1458): a ballad of contradictions, a Franco-Latin ballad. Incomplete version of the lais.

20041, called "coislin manuscript" of the name of a former owner, after 1464: incomplete versions of the lais and the will, four different poems. Paris, library of the arsenal. Century: incomplete versions of the lais and the will, the ballad of fortune.

Berlin, national library, cabinet of prints, ms. 78 b 17, called "chansonnier de rohan\Stockholm, Royal Library, ms. 22, called "manuscrit fauchet," after the name of a former owner, after 1477. This collection of texts by different authors (including villon) includes incomplete versions of the lais and the will, eight of the poet's various poems Name, among ballads of various unnamed authors) and, in a set separated by white pages, five ballads in anonymous jargon, different from those of the printed levet of 1489.

Assumed to be the edition princeps: incomplete version of the will, then eight different poems (including seven communes with manuscript fauchet, but given in a very different order), then six ballades in Jargon united under the title jargon and jobellin of the said villon, then incomplete version of the lais. Anthology, the garden of pleasure and flower of rethoricque, antoine verard. Ballads of the will and six different poems. This list is meant to be exhaustive. However, it is regularly questioned, the attribution of a particular poem being contested, or.

It is sometimes enriched with "new" works nevertheless, it seems accepted as is by most of the specialists of villon. The works are here presented and dated according to the chronology established by gert pinkernell. Some are not dated precisely, and those included by villon in the will are here placed after the latter, even though they may be earlier.

The titles, except for the two distinct series of jargon, are those retained in the complete poems, edited and commented by claude thiry to the paperback. Epistle to Mary of Orleans. Ballad of the menus about. Debate of the cure and the villon corps.

Ballade against the enemies of France. Ballad of the ladies of the old days. Ballad of the lords of old time.

Ballad in old French language. The regrets of the beautiful heaulmiere. Ballad of the beautiful heaulmiere to the girls of joy. Double ballad on the same subject.

Ballad to pray our Lady. Ballad for robert of estouteville. The contradictions of franc gontier. Ballad of the women of Paris.

Ballade of the big margot. Beautiful lesson to the lost children.

The jargon and jobellin of the said villon. (Title given in the letter, 1489, paris). Five other jargonical ballads of the stockholm manuscript (ms copied after 1477).

Question to clerk of the counter. Villon passes for an arduous author, and this for several reasons. The barrier of language first of all: the French medium is not easy to apprehend for the modern reader, both on the syntactic and lexical level.

Let us note, however, that the rules of grammar have already begun to stabilize in the. Gradually excluding the most unsettling remains of the Romance language, in particular the declensions. Faced with this difficulty, publishers sometimes choose to include a transcript in modern French, and sometimes to annotate the original text, the latter solution having the advantage of compelling the reader to simmer in the rich and poetic language of Villon The second difficulty lies in the context: characters and situations evoked are often unknown to the modern reader, the quality of the notices will be decisive even if the specialists of villon have not pierced all its mysteries. The present state of knowledge can only be solved, and we must admit that rare aspects of the work are still unknown to us. These gaps fortunately do not prevent appreciating the funny and the inventiveness of the language of villon. Document used as source for the writing of this article. The current reference editions are those of j. Henry, who rely primarily on the coislin manuscript.

The will villon, i, text, ii, comment, geneva, droz. The lais villon and the varied poems, i, text, ii, comment, geneva, droz, 1977. Ballads in jargon (including those of the MS of Stockholm), ed. Bilingual by andré lanly, paris, champion, 1971.

Presented, compiled and annotated by pierre michel, including the prefaces de clément marot and theophile gautier, the pocket book, collection "the classic pocket book" , Excellent for its philological notes as well as for its explanatory notes, to which are reserved all the odd pages of the book. By claude thiry, the pocket book, collection "Gothic letters\Bilingual by jean dufournet, gf flammarion, 1992. Ballads in homosexual slang, ed.

Bilingual by thierry martin, Thousand and One Nights, 1998 and 2001. Revised edition of the two series of jargon, with interpretation and glossary very oriented which break with the interpretation generally accepted by the other editors. Lais, testament, various poems, ed. Bilingual by jean-claude mühlethaler, with ballads in jargon, ed. Bilingual by éric hicks, champion, 2004.

Bilingual by thierry martin, gender issue / gkc, 2000 and 2007. Bilingual critical edition of texts in jobelin. Bilingual by claude pinganaud, paris, arléa, 2010 for the introduction in modern French and the preface. Complete books, bilingual edition, by jacqueline cerquiglini-toulet.

With the collaboration of laetitia tabard, gallimard, library of the pleiade. Spectacle of poems of françois villon set to music and sung by jean-bruno chantraine, villon, the culprit of ideal. Dance, macabre, françois villon, poetry & murder in medieval france, sutton publishing, 2000. His life and his time, champion, paris. Collectif, published by jean dérens. Proceedings of the symposium for the five hundredth anniversary of the printing of the Villon's will, Historical Library of the City of Paris, Paris, 1993. Collectif, published by michael freeman. Villon at Oxford, the drama of the text, proceedings of the conference held at st. Hilda's college oxford march 1996, amsterdam - atlanta, rodopi, 1999. François villon, coquillard and dramatic author, paris, nizet, 1977. François villon, fayard, paris, 1982. The villain jargon or the gay knowledge of the shell, paris, gallimard, 1968. The villon's will or The cheerful knowledge of the basoche, paris, gallimard, 1970. Merry Sermon and Truanderie (villon - nemo - ulespiègle), amsterdam, rodopi, 1987: first part françois villon and the sermon of saint belin. The poetics of françois villon, paris, armand colin, 1967; repr. Under the name of david mus, ed. François villon and charles d'orleans, according to the various poems of villon, universitätsverlag c. François villon: critical biography and other studies, universitätsverlag c. François villon and the poetic themes of the Middle Ages, paris, colin, 1934. Florence posthumous misadventures of villain, paris, picard, 1973.

Florence richter, these fabulous thugs. Crimes and trials of villon, sade, verlaine, genet, paris, hermann editions. 2010 with a preface by françois ost.

The trial of françois villon, speech by m. José théry attorney at the Court of Appeal. Paris, alcan-levy, printer of the order of lawyers, 1899.

"villon and snows dantan\Proceedings of the symposium on the five hundredth anniversary of the printing of the Villon's will, Historical Library of the City of Paris, 15-17 December 1989, ed. Jean dérens, jean dufournet and michael freeman, paris: historical library of the city of paris, 1993. The passion of the master françois villon, 2 vol. The romance of françois villon, paris, albin michel, 1926. If i were king, 1902; French translation of hélène caron, the curious adventure of master françois villon, sire de montcorbier, paris, éditions georges-anquetil, 1926.

The lovers of françois villon, paris, the new publishing company, 1934. The brief hour of françois Villon, indianapolis, bobbs merrill, 1937. François villon, dief, roover, moordenaar in dichter, utrecht, spectrum, 1946 reed. The brotherhood of the book hunters, arles, france, acts sud, coll.

The item "françois villon / marcel arnac 9 plates of 32 original drawings (1928)" is on sale since Wednesday 7 June 2017. It is in the category "books, comics, magazines \ bd \ plates, original drawings". The seller is "madamevisage" and is located in paris, île-de-france. This item can be shipped anywhere in the world.